Jury Research Blawg Kollectionn
answering questions about trying cases to juries
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Online Jury Research Update
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also see SLIDE SHOWS and VISUAL RESOURCES about jurors' attitudes, beliefs and behaviors
JURORS Voir Dire · Characteristics · Race · Gender
VOIR DIRE
February, 2008, Issue 1: Are silent jurors in voir dire unbiased jurors?
December, 2008, Issue 3: Do jurors answer fully and truthfully in voir dire?
September, 2011, Issue 1: What do jurors think of attorney voir dire questions?
May, 2008, Issue 2: What is the effect of minimal versus expanded voir dire?
March, 2007, Issue 4: Which type of voir dire best identifies biased jurors?
July, 2008, Issue 4: Is individual or group voir dire more effective at identifying juror bias?
August, 2007, Issue 3: Are jurors more candid in attorney-conducted or judge-conducted voir dire?
July, 2011, Issue 4: Which better uncovers bias: juror questionnaires or oral voir dire?
June, 2007, Issue 2: Does ingratiation in voir dire affect trial outcomes?
December, 2006, Issue 1: How does mentioning racial bias in voir dire affect juror decision-making?
July, 2007, Issue 6: Do jury consultants affect verdicts in death penalty cases?
JUROR CHARACTERISTICS
May, 2008, Issue 1: How important are demographic characteristics in predicting jurors' verdicts?
January, 2011, Issue 2: Can juror demographics predict punitive damages in high-stakes cases?
March, 2007, Issue 2: How do juror characteristics affect verdicts in personal injury cases?
January, 2009, Issue 3: How does a juror's social class influence understanding of evidence?
August, 2011, Issue 3: How does a juror's social status affect participation in deliberations?
January, 2009, Issue 4: How does a juror's occupation affect damage awards?
August, 2007, Issue 5: Does a juror's gender affect verdicts in gender discrimination cases?
January, 2007, Issue 5: Do women jurors lean toward the prosecution or defense in rape trials?
July, 2011, Issue 2: Do male jurors talk more than female jurors in deliberations?
July, 2011, Issue 3: Do minority jurors participate less in deliberations than White jurors?
August, 2011, Issue 1: Are Spanish-speaking witnesses more credible to Spanish-speaking jurors?
November, 2006, Issue 4: Which jurors are more favorable toward the use of expert witnesses?
June, 2011, Issue 1: Which dissenting jurors hang juries versus conform to majority opinion?
February, 2011, Issue 4: How do jurors' litigation crisis beliefs affect punitive damage awards?
February, 2009, Issue 1: How does a juror's locus of control influence liability decisions?
November, 2008, Issue 4: How does jurors' authoritarianism affect criminal verdicts?
October, 2006, Issue 3: Do crime victims convict defendants?
August, 2007, Issue 2: How impartial are jurors in sex abuse cases?
January, 2011, Issue 4: How are jurors' religious beliefs related to death penalty verdicts?
RACE
December, 2006, Issue 1: How does mentioning racial bias in voir dire affect juror decision-making?
November, 2010, Issue 2: Does it help or hurt when racial differences are a salient issue at trial?
December, 2010, Issue 4: When is playing the race card an effective strategy?
January, 2007, Issue 1: How does the racial diversity of juries affect verdicts?
July, 2011, Issue 3: Do minority jurors participate less in deliberations than White jurors?
August, 2010, Issue 3: How does racial composition of a jury affect capital sentencing?
September, 2008, Issue 4: How do jurors treat plaintiffs who don't speak English?
September, 2010, Issue 1: Do jurors believe non-native speakers are as truthful as native speakers?
August, 2011, Issue 1: Are Spanish-speaking witnesses more credible to Spanish-speaking jurors?
April, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors like cultural explanations of conduct in sexual harassment cases?
September, 2008, Issue 3: Are jurors fairer to Hispanic defendants with non-Hispanic attorneys?
November, 2007, Issue 6: Are jurors more persuaded by attorneys of their own or another race?
August, 2011, Issue 4: Are jurors biased against ethnic minority attorneys?
GENDER
October, 2006, Issue 2: Which influence style is persuasive for female attorneys?
January, 2008, Issue 1: Do female or male prosecutors get more convictions?
January, 2008, Issue 2: Do female or male criminal defense attorneys get more acquittals?
November, 2007, Issue 5: Do male or female defense attorneys get more acquittals in rape trials?
August, 2007, Issue 5: Does a juror's gender affect verdicts in gender discrimination cases?
January, 2007, Issue 5: Do women jurors lean toward the prosecution or defense in rape trials?
July, 2011, Issue 2: Do male jurors talk more than female jurors in deliberations?
JURIES Decision-Making · Judicial Instructions
JURY DECISION-MAKING
February, 2007, Issue 1: Do juries reach different decisions than judges?
December, 2010, Issue 1: Do bench or jury trials yield more mistakenly rejected settlement offers?
December, 2008, Issue 2: Do jurors award the same or different damages as arbitrators and judges?
September, 2007, Issue 2: When do judges award higher punitive damages than juries?
September, 2007, Issue 1: When are juries more likely than judges to convict criminal defendants?
October, 2007, Issue 2: What influences jurors' initial votes in criminal trials?
December, 2008, Issue 1: Have jurors made up their mind by the end of opening statements?
June, 2011, Issue 3: When do jurors first form their verdict preferences?
July, 2007, Issue 5: How do bifurcated versus unitary trials affect jurors' verdicts?
January, 2007, Issue 1: How does the racial diversity of juries affect verdicts?
July, 2011, Issue 2: Do male jurors talk more than female jurors in deliberations?
August, 2011, Issue 3: How does a juror's social status affect participation in deliberations?
February, 2011, Issue 2: Do jurors discuss attorneys' fees when awarding damages?
April, 2011, Issue 1: Do jurors discuss insurance in deliberations when awarding damages?
June, 2007, Issue 4: Do jurors recognize that trial evidence is selective and not all of the facts?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
March, 2011, Issue 2: Are juror questions for witnesses helpful or disruptive?
October, 2008, Issue 2: Do jurors award more money when given general or special verdict forms?
January, 2009, Issue 2: How do multiple charges against a defendant influence jurors' verdicts?
March, 2008, Issue 1: How often does a jury's minority sway the majority to its point of view?
November, 2007, Issue 3: Do larger or smaller juries perform better?
November, 2007, Issue 2: Why do juries hang?
June, 2011, Issue 1: Which dissenting jurors hang juries versus conform to majority opinion?
August, 2010, Issue 2: In which cases is settlement most often mistakenly rejected?
August, 2010, Issue 1: Who most often mistakenly rejects settlement -- plaintiffs or defendants?
January, 2011, Issue 3: Are defendants who lose civil jury trials at a disadvantage on appeal?
JUDICIAL INSTRUCTIONS
December, 2007, Issue 2: Are judges better than juries at setting inadmissible evidence aside?
July, 2006: Can jurors disregard hearsay evidence?
October, 2010, Issue 1: How able are jurors to disregard stricken evidence?
March, 2011, Issue 4: Can jurors follow instructions limiting use of a defendant's prior conviction?
November, 2010, Issue 4: How well do jurors understand jury instructions?
September, 2007, Issue 6: How well do jurors understand negligence instructions?
November, 2006, Issue 2: Do instructions about loss of enjoyment of life increase damage awards?
January, 2009, Issue 1: How does pre-instruction about damages influence damage awards?
September, 2010, Issue 2: How well do jurors understand jury instructions on reasonable doubt?
November, 2007, Issue 4: Does pre-instructing juries about due process rights influence verdicts?
March, 2007, Issue 1: Which definition of reasonable doubt reduces conviction rates?
Persuasion Strategies · Graphics · Language
STRATEGIES FOR ATTORNEYS · FOR WITNESSES · FOR SPECIFIC EVIDENCE
For Attorneys
December, 2007, Issue 3: Are brief or extensive opening statements more effective?
December, 2007, Issue 5: What is the effect of a promise made in opening that goes unfulfilled?
December, 2008, Issue 1: Have jurors made up their mind by the end of opening statements?
November, 2008, Issue 1: Can closing argument reduce jurors' use of "20-20 hindsight"?
April, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors like cultural explanations of conduct in sexual harassment cases?
December, 2006, Issue 3: How do objections influence jurors' treatment of inadmissible testimony?
October, 2006, Issue 2: Which influence style is persuasive for female attorneys?
February, 2011, Issue 1: How do apologies affect settlement demands?
August, 2010, Issue 2: In which cases is settlement most often mistakenly rejected?
December, 2010, Issue 1: Do bench or jury trials yield more mistakenly rejected settlement offers?
January, 2011, Issue 3: Are defendants who lose civil jury trials at a disadvantage on appeal?
For Witnesses
October, 2007, Issue 1: Does testimony of trivial details hurt or help a witness' credibility?
April, 2008, Issue 1: When does exposing inconsistencies in witness testimony affect verdicts?
February, 2009, Issue 2: Does refutation of peripheral details hurt an eyewitness's credibility?
March, 2008, Issue 4: Are leading or non-leading questions better at exposing inaccurate witnesses?
November, 2010, Issue 3: Do complex questions to child witnesses help or hurt the defense?
January, 2011, Issue 1: How does cross-examination question phrasing affect witness accuracy?
March, 2011, Issue 3: What criteria do jurors use to judge the credibility of expert testimony?
October, 2008, Issue 4: What questioning style is most effective for discrediting an expert witness?
November, 2006, Issue 1: Are experts more persuasive using anecdotes or data?
March, 2011, Issue 2: Are juror questions for witnesses helpful or disruptive?
April, 2011, Issue 2: How do jurors handle conflicting expert testimony?
For Specific Evidence
September, 2010, Issue 4: How often are jurors presented invalid scientific evidence?
October, 2010, Issue 2: Do jurors expect scientific evidence in criminal cases?
July, 2010, Issue 2: What do jurors think of circumstantial evidence?
July, 2010, Issue 1: Can jurors distinguish circumstantial and direct evidence?
June, 2007, Issue 4: Do jurors recognize that trial evidence is selective and not all of the facts?
January, 2007, Issue 2: What is stealing thunder and how do I respond to it?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
November, 2010, Issue 2: Does it help or hurt when racial differences are a salient issue at trial?
December, 2010, Issue 4: When is playing the race card an effective strategy?
April, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors like cultural explanations of conduct in sexual harassment cases?
GRAPHICS
January, 2008, Issue 4: Which jurors are most influenced by the use of courtroom technology?
September, 2006: How do computer animations affect jurors?
March, 2007, Issue 3: How do jurors respond to live versus videotaped testimony?
September, 2008, Issue 2: How does viewing a crime scene videotape affect jury verdicts?
May, 2007, Issue 3: How does the camera angle of a videotaped confession influence verdicts?
LANGUAGE
September, 2008, Issue 4: How do jurors treat plaintiffs who don't speak English?
February, 2008, Issue 3: Are witnesses who don't speak English less credible to jurors?
September, 2010, Issue 1: Do jurors believe non-native speakers are as truthful as native speakers?
June, 2011, Issue 4: How do interpreters affect the credibility of witnesses?
August, 2011, Issue 1: Are Spanish-speaking witnesses more credible to Spanish-speaking jurors?
January, 2011, Issue 1: How does cross-examination question phrasing affect witness accuracy?
October, 2007, Issue 3: How does question wording affect witnesses' answers of frequency?
November, 2010, Issue 3: Do complex questions to child witnesses help or hurt the defense?
September, 2007, Issue 5: How do leading questions influence jurors' perceptions of experts?
June, 2011, Issue 2: What speech style is most effective for witnesses?
JUDGES
February, 2007, Issue 1: Do juries reach different decisions than judges?
October, 2006, Issue 1: Do jurors attend to judges’ nonverbal behavior?
June, 2008, Issue 3: Do jurors return verdicts in accordance with a judge's leaning?
December, 2008, Issue 2: Do jurors award the same or different damages as arbitrators and judges?
September, 2007, Issue 2: When do judges award higher punitive damages than juries?
September, 2007, Issue 1: When are juries more likely than judges to convict criminal defendants?
December, 2006, Issue 2: How do judges' backgrounds affect sexual harassment case outcomes?
September, 2010, Issue 4: How often are jurors presented invalid scientific evidence?
December, 2007, Issue 2: Are judges better than juries at setting inadmissible evidence aside?
ATTORNEYS
December, 2006, Issue 3: How do objections influence jurors' treatment of inadmissible testimony?
October, 2008, Issue 4: What questioning style is most effective for discrediting an expert witness?
October, 2006, Issue 2: Which influence style is persuasive for female attorneys?
August, 2008, Issue 1: How do successful and unsuccessful prosecutors and defense attorneys speak?
January, 2008, Issue 2: Do female or male criminal defense attorneys get more acquittals?
November, 2007, Issue 5: Do male or female defense attorneys get more acquittals in rape trials?
January, 2008, Issue 1: Do female or male prosecutors get more convictions?
September, 2008, Issue 3: Are jurors fairer to Hispanic defendants with Hispanic attorneys?
November, 2007, Issue 6: Are jurors more persuaded by attorneys of their own or another race?
August, 2011, Issue 4: Are jurors biased against ethnic minority attorneys?
WITNESSES
March, 2008, Issue 4: Are leading or non-leading questions better at exposing inaccurate witnesses?
October, 2007, Issue 3: How does question wording affect witnesses' answers of frequency?
November, 2010, Issue 3: Do complex questions to child witnesses help or hurt the defense?
June, 2011, Issue 2: What speech style is most effective for witnesses?
April, 2008, Issue 1: When does exposing inconsistencies in witness testimony affect verdicts?
October, 2007, Issue 1: Does testimony of trivial details hurt or help a witness' credibility?
February, 2009, Issue 2: Does refutation of peripheral details hurt an eyewitness's credibility?
February, 2008, Issue 3: Are witnesses who don't speak English less credible to jurors?
September, 2010, Issue 1: Do jurors believe non-native speakers are as truthful as native speakers?
June, 2011, Issue 4: How do interpreters affect the credibility of witnesses?
August, 2011, Issue 1: Are Spanish-speaking witnesses more credible to Spanish-speaking jurors?
March, 2007, Issue 6: Do jurors believe nervous witnesses?
July, 2007, Issue 4: Which witness preparation method is most effective -- simulation or training?
March, 2011, Issue 1: How does witness instruction in cross-exam techniques affect answers?
September, 2007, Issue 4: How does the reading of deposition testimony at trial affect jurors?
March, 2007, Issue 3: How do jurors respond to live versus videotaped testimony?
March, 2011, Issue 2: Are juror questions for witnesses helpful or disruptive?
EXPERTS
September, 2007, Issue 5: How do leading questions influence jurors' perceptions of experts?
October, 2008, Issue 4: What questioning style is most effective for discrediting an expert witness?
March, 2011, Issue 3: What criteria do jurors use to judge the credibility of expert testimony?
February, 2007, Issue 6: How important to jurors are the credentials of expert witnesses?
December, 2006, Issue 4: Does the gender of an expert witness affect his/her credibility?
November, 2006, Issue 4: Which jurors are more favorable toward the use of expert witnesses?
April, 2011, Issue 2: How do jurors handle conflicting expert testimony?
May, 2007, Issue 4: What type of doctor is most credible to jurors as an expert witness?
July, 2007, Issue 1: How do jurors respond to expert psychological testimony?
July, 2008, Issue 1: How does expert testimony about eyewitness fallibility affect verdicts?
LITIGANTS CIVIL DEFENDANTS · CIVIL PLAINTIFFS · CRIMINAL DEFENDANTS
Civil Defendants
November, 2007, Issue 1: How do jurors perceive corporate defendants?
February, 2007, Issue 4: Can jurors treat corporations as they do individuals?
October, 2007, Issue 6: Why are damages higher against corporate versus individual defendants?
June, 2007, Issue 6: What do jurors expect of product manufacturers?
August, 2008, Issue 3: To what standard of care do jurors hold auditors?
July, 2011, Issue 1: How does litigants' race influence verdicts in sexual harassment cases?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
Civil Plaintiffs
September, 2008, Issue 4: How do jurors treat plaintiffs who don't speak English?
July, 2011, Issue 1: How does litigants' race influence verdicts in sexual harassment cases?
June, 2007, Issue 3: How does litigant attractiveness affect verdicts in sexual harassment cases?
February, 2011, Issue 1: How do apologies affect settlement demands?
April, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors like cultural explanations of conduct in sexual harassment cases?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
Criminal Defendants
December, 2010, Issue 2: How does a defendant's facial expression affect jury verdicts?
July, 2007, Issue 3: Does facial hair matter on a criminal defendant?
July, 2008, Issue 3: When are juries more lenient toward African-American than White defendants?
September, 2008, Issue 3: Are jurors fairer to Hispanic defendants with non-Hispanic attorneys?
August, 2008, Issue 4: When are attractive defendants convicted more than unattractive defendants?
March, 2011, Issue 4: Can jurors follow instructions limiting use of a defendant's prior conviction?
April, 2008, Issue 3: Can voir dire questions help jurors set aside a litigant's prior record?
February, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors believe confessions can be false?
April, 2011, Issue 4: Do jurors treat alcohol abuse and child abuse as mitigators in capital cases?
TYPES OF CASES SEXUAL ASSAULT · EMPLOYMENT · DEATH · OTHER CRIMINAL · OTHER CIVIL
Sexual Assault (Civil & Criminal)
August, 2007, Issue 2: How impartial are jurors in sex abuse cases?
November, 2010, Issue 3: Do complex questions to child witnesses help or hurt the defense?
May, 2007, Issue 5: How does alcohol use affect jurors' judgments of sexual assault?
April, 2007, Issue 1: Are women who carry condoms less credible sexual assault victims?
January, 2007, Issue 5: Do women jurors lean toward the prosecution or defense in rape trials?
November, 2007, Issue 5: Do male or female defense attorneys get more acquittals in rape trials?
November, 2010, Issue 1: Do jurors think sexual harassment by email or in person is worse?
December, 2010, Issue 3: How do jurors judge the severity of sexual harassment?
April, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors like cultural explanations of conduct in sexual harassment cases?
December, 2006, Issue 2: How do judges' backgrounds affect sexual harassment case outcomes?
June, 2007, Issue 3: How does litigant attractiveness affect verdicts in sexual harassment cases?
July, 2011, Issue 1: How does litigants' race influence verdicts in sexual harassment cases?
Employment
Death Penalty
January, 2011, Issue 4: How are jurors' religious beliefs related to death penalty verdicts?
August, 2010, Issue 3: How does racial composition of a jury affect capital sentencing?
July, 2007, Issue 6: Do jury consultants affect verdicts in death penalty cases?
April, 2011, Issue 4: Do jurors treat alcohol abuse and child abuse as mitigators in capital cases?
Other Criminal
May, 2007, Issue 1: What are jurors' attitudes toward battered women who kill?
December, 2007, Issue 1: How do jurors understand an entrapment defense?
April, 2007, Issue 5: How do jurors understand elder abuse and neglect cases?
Other Civil
March, 2007, Issue 2: How do juror characteristics affect verdicts in personal injury cases?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
August, 2008, Issue 3: To what standard of care do jurors hold auditors?
June, 2008, Issue 4: Do jurors protect civil rights when illegal searches find illegal items?
June, 2008, Issue 2: What do jurors think about whiplash cases?
August, 2007, Issue 6: How common are frivolous medical malpractice claims?
CIVIL CASE ISSUES SETTLEMENT · LIABILITY · DAMAGES
Settlement
August, 2007, Issue 6: How common are frivolous medical malpractice claims?
August, 2010, Issue 2: In which cases is settlement most often mistakenly rejected?
August, 2010, Issue 1: Who most often mistakenly rejects settlement -- plaintiffs or defendants?
December, 2010, Issue 1: Do bench or jury trials yield more mistakenly rejected settlement offers?
July, 2010, Issue 4: How do ‘CCCP 998 offers’ affect settlement decisions?
Liability
July, 2007, Issue 5: How do bifurcated versus unitary trials affect jurors' verdicts?
May, 2007, Issue 6: How does the aggregation of plaintiffs influence liability and damage awards?
August, 2007, Issue 1: Does the severity of a plaintiff's injury affect jurors' liability decisions?
December, 2007, Issue 6: How does pretrial publicity in a civil case affect jury verdicts?
February, 2009, Issue 1: How does a juror's locus of control influence liability decisions?
June, 2008, Issue 4: Do jurors protect civil rights when illegal searches find illegal items?
June, 2008, Issue 2: What do jurors think about whiplash cases?
March, 2007, Issue 2: How do juror characteristics affect verdicts in personal injury cases?
August, 2008, Issue 3: To what standard of care do jurors hold auditors?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
Damages
July, 2007, Issue 5: How do bifurcated versus unitary trials affect jurors' verdicts?
October, 2006, Issue 4: Does bifurcation of damages affect compensatory awards?
May, 2007, Issue 2: How are jurors affected by dollar amounts requested by plaintiffs?
September, 2010, Issue 3: Do larger per diem requests for noneconomic damages lead to larger awards?
October, 2010, Issue 4: Does a per diem or lump sum request yield a larger pain and suffering award?
November, 2008, Issue 3: Do jurors punish plaintiffs who request too much money?
October, 2010, Issue 3: Do plaintiffs need to be careful of how much money they request?
November, 2006, Issue 2: Do instructions about loss of enjoyment of life increase damage awards?
January, 2009, Issue 1: How does pre-instruction about damages influence damage awards?
September, 2008, Issue 4: How do jurors treat plaintiffs who don't speak English?
October, 2007, Issue 6: Why are damages higher against corporate versus individual defendants?
April, 2007, Issue 6: How do jurors react to a corporation's cost-benefit analysis?
January, 2009, Issue 4: How does a juror's occupation affect damage awards?
January, 2011, Issue 2: Do juror demographics predict punitive damages in high-stakes cases?
February, 2011, Issue 4: How do jurors' litigation crisis beliefs affect punitive damage awards?
December, 2008, Issue 2: Do jurors award the same or different damages as arbitrators and judges?
September, 2007, Issue 2: When do judges award higher punitive damages than juries?
March, 2007, Issue 5: What do jurors talk about in deliberations when deciding damages?
February, 2011, Issue 2: Do jurors discuss attorneys' fees when awarding damages?
April, 2011, Issue 1: Do jurors discuss insurance in deliberations when awarding damages?
August, 2011, Issue 2: When does "if only" thinking affect jurors' verdicts about accidents?
April, 2007, Issue 3: How do deliberations affect the decision to award punitive damages?
April, 2007, Issue 2: How do deliberations affect the size of punitive damage awards?
October, 2008, Issue 2: Do jurors award more money when given general or special verdict forms?
CRIMINAL CASE ISSUES
August, 2006: Does gruesome evidence matter?
October, 2010, Issue 2: Do jurors expect scientific evidence in criminal cases?
September, 2008, Issue 2: How does viewing a crime scene videotape affect jury verdicts?
May, 2007, Issue 3: How does the camera angle of a videotaped confession influence verdicts?
January, 2009, Issue 3: How does a juror's social class influence understanding of evidence?
December, 2008, Issue 3: Which excuses do jurors believe excuse criminal acts?
June, 2007, Issue 1: Does character evidence help or hurt defendants in criminal trials?
March, 2011, Issue 4: Can jurors follow instructions limiting use of a defendant's prior conviction?
June, 2007, Issue 4: Do jurors recognize that trial evidence is selective and not all of the facts?
July, 2008, Issue 1: How does expert testimony about eyewitness fallibility affect verdicts?
December, 2007, Issue 1: How do jurors understand an entrapment defense?
February, 2011, Issue 3: Do jurors believe confessions can be false?
December, 2010, Issue 4: When is playing the race card an effective strategy?
June, 2007, Issue 5: What is the effect of a lesser-included charge?
January, 2009, Issue 2: How do multiple charges against a defendant influence jurors' verdicts?
September, 2010, Issue 2: How well do jurors understand jury instructions on reasonable doubt?
March, 2007, Issue 1: Which definition of reasonable doubt reduces conviction rates?
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